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Alarming Surge in Air Pollution: Identifying Key Sources in Bangladesh

Staff Reporter, The Daily Star
Dhaka, November 12: Air pollution has emerged as one of the most critical environmental and public health hazards in Bangladesh, particularly in urban metropolises like Dhaka. Recent environmental assessments indicate that the air quality routinely plunges into the 'hazardous' category during the dry winter months.

Investigations show that the primary culprit behind severe air contamination is the traditional brick kiln industry. Thousands of unlicensed kilns surrounding major cities continuously discharge thick plumes of toxic smoke laden with carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and fine particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10). Another major source is vehicular emission. The prevalence of old, unfit, and diesel-powered vehicles, combined with prolonged traffic gridlocks, releases vast amounts of unburnt hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere.

In addition, unplanned and uncontrolled infrastructural construction, road repairs, and open transportation of sand and cement contribute heavily to fugitive dust. Indiscriminate open-air burning of municipal solid waste, electronic waste, and industrial emissions from textile, chemical, and metal factories further degrade air quality. Experts caution that without immediate strict regulatory enforcement, technological transitions to modern green brick kilns, and comprehensive dust control measures, public health crises will continue to escalate.