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6.

Determine the maximum and minimum values of the function f(x)=x5−5x4+5x3−1f(x) = x^5 - 5x^4 + 5x^3 - 1.

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Given function:
f(x)=x5−5x4+5x3−1f(x) = x^5 - 5x^4 + 5x^3 - 1

Differentiating with respect to xx:
f′(x)=5x4−20x3+15x2=5x2(x2−4x+3)=5x2(x−1)(x−3)f'(x) = 5x^4 - 20x^3 + 15x^2 = 5x^2(x^2 - 4x + 3) = 5x^2(x - 1)(x - 3)

For stationary/critical points, set f′(x)=0f'(x) = 0:
5x2(x−1)(x−3)=0  ⟹  x=0,  x=1,  x=35x^2(x - 1)(x - 3) = 0 \implies x = 0, \; x = 1, \; x = 3

Now, find the second derivative:
f′′(x)=20x3−60x2+30xf''(x) = 20x^3 - 60x^2 + 30x

Testing each critical point:

  1. At x=0x = 0:
    f′′(0)=0f''(0) = 0
    Checking the sign of f′(x)f'(x) around x=0x = 0: f′(x)>0f'(x) > 0 for both x<0x < 0 and 0<x<10 < x < 1. Thus, x=0x = 0 is a point of inflection, not an extremum.

  2. At x=1x = 1:
    f′′(1)=20(1)3−60(1)2+30(1)=20−60+30=−10<0f''(1) = 20(1)^3 - 60(1)^2 + 30(1) = 20 - 60 + 30 = -10 < 0
    Hence, f(x)f(x) has a local maximum at x=1x = 1.
    Maximum value=f(1)=15−5(1)4+5(1)3−1=0\text{Maximum value} = f(1) = 1^5 - 5(1)^4 + 5(1)^3 - 1 = 0

  3. At x=3x = 3:
    f′′(3)=20(27)−60(9)+30(3)=540−540+90=90>0f''(3) = 20(27) - 60(9) + 30(3) = 540 - 540 + 90 = 90 > 0
    Hence, f(x)f(x) has a local minimum at x=3x = 3.
    Minimum value=f(3)=35−5(3)4+5(3)3−1=243−405+135−1=−28\text{Minimum value} = f(3) = 3^5 - 5(3)^4 + 5(3)^3 - 1 = 243 - 405 + 135 - 1 = -28

Answer:

  • Local Maximum Value: 00 (at x=1x = 1)
  • Local Minimum Value: −28-28 (at x=3x = 3)

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